Coastal areas are some of the most beautiful and important parts of our environment. However, they are also fragile and easily damaged by wind, waves, and storms. Coastal restoration is crucial to keep these areas healthy and strong. By planting the right native species, we can stabilise sand dunes, protect the land from erosion, and create homes for wildlife.

Native plants are the unsung heroes of our beaches. They hold the sand in place, stop it from blowing away, and support the natural balance of coastal ecosystems. Let’s take a closer look at some native plants that are perfect for restoring and protecting our coasts.

Spinifex sericeus: The Sand Anchor

Spinifex, also called silvery sand grass, is a champion for stabilising dunes. Its creeping growth pattern helps lock sand in place, protecting the sand dunes from wind and wave erosion.

  • What It Looks Like: Spinifex has silvery-green runners that spread quickly across dunes, creating a thick cover. It can withstand the salty air and harsh conditions found on beaches.
  • Why It’s Important: Its strong roots keep sand dunes stable, stopping erosion and helping new dunes form. Spinifex also provides shelter for small animals and insects.
  • Best Use: Spinifex is ideal for planting on the dunes closest to the sea, where it can handle tough conditions and prepare the ground for other plants.

Ficinia spiralis: The Golden Grass

Also known as pīngao, this native grass is as functional as it is beautiful. Its tough, golden-green leaves can turn bright orange as the plant matures, adding a splash of colour to the landscape.

  • What It Looks Like: Pīngao grows in tufts, with long, shiny leaves and deep roots that hold sand together. It’s especially suited to sandy areas where little else can grow.
  • Why It’s Important: Pīngao not only helps stabilise dunes but also traps blowing sand, helping dunes grow. Its leaves were traditionally used by Māori for weaving, making it culturally significant as well.
  • Best Use: Plant pīngao alongside Spinifex for a strong, multi-layered approach to dune restoration.

Coprosma acerosa: The Sand Protector

Sand coprosma is a low-growing shrub that spreads out to form a dense ground cover. Its tangled branches act like a natural net, catching and holding sand in place.

  • What It Looks Like: This plant has wiry, interwoven stems with small green leaves. It grows well in sandy, dry soils, making it perfect for coastal conditions.
  • Why It’s Important: Coprosma acerosa helps stabilise dunes further back from the beach. It also provides food for native birds with its small berries and creates shelter for insects.
  • Best Use: Use this hardy shrub on back dunes or areas that need long-lasting protection from sand movement.

Disphyma australe: The Flowering Hero

Disphyma australe, or New Zealand ice plant, is not only practical but also adds beauty to any coastal area. Its spreading growth and bright flowers make it a favourite for stabilising rocky or sandy soils.

  • What It Looks Like: This plant has fleshy green leaves and striking flowers in shades of pink, purple, and white. It grows close to the ground and spreads out to cover bare patches.
  • Why It’s Important: The ice plant prevents erosion by holding soil in place. It also supports pollinators like bees and butterflies with its flowers.
  • Best Use: Plant Disphyma on rocky or steep slopes where you want to prevent erosion while adding colour and variety.

Why Native Plants Matter

Native plants play a key role in coastal restoration because they’re adapted to the tough conditions of our beaches. They’re naturally equipped to handle salty air, strong winds, and shifting sands. Here are some reasons why they’re so important:

  1. Stopping Erosion: Their roots hold the sand or soil together, keeping it from being blown or washed away.
  2. Building Dunes: Plants like Spinifex and pīngao trap sand, helping to form and maintain dunes over time.
  3. Supporting Wildlife: These plants provide food and shelter for birds, insects, and other coastal animals.
  4. Climate Protection: Healthy coastal ecosystems can act as barriers against storms and help reduce the effects of rising sea levels.

Planning a Coastal Restoration Project

Starting a restoration project along the coast isn’t just about planting—it’s about creating a lasting ecosystem. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

  • Use Local Plants: Choose native species grown from seeds collected in your area. These plants will be better suited to the local conditions.
  • Mix It Up: Combine different types of plants to create a layered system, with some holding the sand in place and others providing ground cover or extra strength.
  • Timing Is Key: Plant during cooler months so the plants have time to establish before the heat of summer.
  • Care for Young Plants: Protect them from pests, grazing animals, and weeds until they’re strong enough to thrive on their own.

A Brighter Future for Our Beaches

Coastal restoration doesn’t just protect the land—it preserves the beauty and biodiversity of our shores for future generations. Native plants like Spinifex sericeus, Ficinia spiralis, Coprosma acerosa, and Disphyma australe are essential for this work. With their help, we can build stronger, healthier beaches that will stand up to challenges like erosion and climate change.

Next time you visit the coast, take a moment to appreciate the plants that work so hard to protect it. Whether you’re planning a restoration project or simply enjoying the natural beauty of the beach, remember that every plant plays a role in keeping our coastline safe and thriving.